Uso do ultra-som para punção venosa central em paciente obeso com adenomegalia cervical / Ultrasound-guided central venous puncture in an obese patient with cervical adenomegaly / Uso del ultrasonido para punción venosa central en paciente obeso con adenomegalia cervical

JUSTIFICATICA E OBJETIVOS: As técnicas clássicas para punção venosa central são realizadas com base em referências anatômicas de superfície e conhecimento da anatomia vascular da região em que se realizará a punção. O uso do ultra-som permite a realização da punção sob visão direta das estruturas vasculares, peri-vasculares e da agulha de punção. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever o uso do ultra-som no auxílio de acesso venoso central em paciente obeso e com adenomegalias. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, branco, 28 anos, 1,70 m, 120 kg, com diagnóstico de linfoma de Hodgkin esclerose nodular. Solicitado ao Serviço de Anestesiologia do Hospital Governador Celso Ramos, punção de veia jugular interna direita guiada por ultra-som devido à presença de gânglio supraclavicular que prejudicava a referência anatômica de punção e à obesidade do paciente. Após a obtenção da melhor imagem a veia jugular interna esquerda foi puncionada e colocado um cateter venoso de triplo lúmen. A punção foi única, com progressão fácil do cateter e realizada sem complicações. CONCLUSÕES: O uso da ultra-sonografia para punção venosa central pode evitar complicações tornando o procedimento mais seguro para o paciente.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Classical central venous techniques are based on superficial anatomical references and the knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the area to be punctured. The ultrasound allows direct vision of vascular and perivascular structures, and the needle during the procedure. The objective of this report was to describe an ultrasound-guided central venous catheter placement in an obese patient with adenomegaly. CASE REPORT: This is a 28 years old white male patient, with 1.70 m, weighing 120 kg, with the diagnosis of nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma. An ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein catheter placement was requested to the Anesthesiology Department of the Hospital Governador Celso Ramos due to the presence of a supraclavicular node that would hinder the anatomical reference for the puncture in an obese patient. After obtaining the best image, the left internal jugular vein was punctured and a triple lumen catheter was introduced. It was necessary only a single puncture and the catheter was easily introduced; no complications developed during the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided central venous puncture can prevent complications, increasing the safety of the procedure.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Las técnicas clásicas para la punción venosa central se realizan con base en referencias anatómicas de superficie y con conocimiento de la anatomía vascular de la región en que se realizará la punción. El uso del Ultrasonido permite la realización de la punción bajo la visión directa de las estructuras vasculares, peri-vasculares y de la aguja de punción. El objetivo de este relato fue el de describir el uso del Ultrasonido en el auxilio de acceso venoso central en paciente obeso y con adenomegalias. RELATO DEL CASO: Paciente del sexo masculino, blanco, de 28 años, 1,70 m, 120 kg, con diagnóstico de linfoma de Hodgkin esclerosis nodular. Solicitado al Servicio de Anestesiología del Hospital Governador Celso Ramos, punción de vena yugular interna derecha guiada por Ultrasonido debido a la presencia de ganglio supraclavicular que le perjudicaba la referencia anatómica de punción y obesidad del paciente. Después de la obtención de la mejor imagen, la vena yugular interna izquierda se puncionó y se le puso un catéter venoso de triple lumen. La punción fue única, con progresión fácil del catéter y realizado sin complicaciones. CONCLUSIONES: El uso del ultrasonido para la punción venosa central puede evitar complicaciones haciendo el procedimiento más seguro para el paciente.

Ultrasound-guided central venous puncture in an obese patient with cervical adenomegaly.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Classical central venous techniques are based on superficial anatomical references and the knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the area to be punctured. The ultrasound allows direct vision of vascular and perivascular structures, and the needle during the procedure. The objective of this report was to describe an ultrasound-guided central venous catheter placement in an obese patient with adenomegaly. CASE REPORT: This is a 28 years old white male patient, with 1.70 m, weighing 120 kg, with the diagnosis of nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma. An ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein catheter placement was requested to the Anesthesiology Department of the Hospital Governador Celso Ramos due to the presence of a supraclavicular node that would hinder the anatomical reference for the puncture in an obese patient. After obtaining the best image, the left internal jugular vein was punctured and a triple lumen catheter was introduced. It was necessary only a single puncture and the catheter was easily introduced; no complications developed during the procedure.

Imagens ultra-sonográficas do plexo braquial na região axilar / Ultrasound images of the brachial plexus in the axillary region

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A artéria axilar é referência anatômica de superfície para o bloqueio do plexo braquial por via axilar. Estudos anatômicos sugerem variabilidade das posições das estruturas nervosas do plexo braquial em relação à artéria. Essas variações podem dificultar bloqueios por neuroestimulação. A ultra-sonografia permite a identificação das estruturas do plexo braquial Õ. Este estudo visou a descrever o posicionamento dos nervos do plexo braquial em relação à artéria axilar. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 30 voluntários de ambos os sexos, em posição supina com abdução a 90º e rotação externa do ombro e flexão do cotovelo a 90º. Utilizando transdutor digital de 5 cm e 5-10 MHz, foram identificados os nervos mediano, ulnar e radial e as respectivas posições em relação à artéria foram marcadas em uma carta gráfica seccional de oito setores, numerados em ordem crescente a partir da hora 12 (medial), cujo centro representava a artéria axilar. RESULTADOS: O nervo mediano localizou-se predominante no setor 8 (55 por cento) e no setor 1 (28 por cento) (mediais); o nervo radial localizou-se predominantemente nos setores 4 (59 por cento) e 5 (34 por cento) (laterais) e o nervo ulnar nos setores 2 e 3 (inferiores) em 69 por cento e 24 por cento dos casos, respectivamente. Houve considerável variação da localização dos nervos em relação aos aspectos superior e inferior da artéria. CONCLUSÕES: A inspeção em tempo real, por ultra-som, das estruturas neurovasculares do plexo braquial na axila mostrou que os nervos mediano, ulnar e radial podem apresentar diferentes relações com a artéria axilar.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The axillary artery is the anatomical reference, in the surface, for axillary brachial plexus block. Anatomic studies suggest variability in the location of the structures in the brachial plexus in relation to the axillary artery. These variations can hinder blocks by neurostimulation. The ultrasound allows the identification of the structures within the brachial plexusÕ. The objective of this report was to describe the position of the nerves in the brachial plexus in relation to the axillary artery. METHODS: Thirty volunteers of both genders were studied. They were in the supine position with 90º abduction and external rotation of the shoulder and 90º flexion of the elbow. Using a 5 cm and 5-10 MHz digital transducer, median, ulnar and radial nerves were identified and their position in relation to the artery were recorded in an 8-sector sectional graphic chart, numbered in crescent order starting at the 12-hour position (medial), whose center represented the axillary artery. RESULTS: The median nerve was located mainly in sectors 8 (55 percent) and 1 (28 percent) (medial); the radial nerve was predominantly in sectors 4 (59 percent) and 5 (34 percent) (lateral); and the ulnar nerve in sectors 2 and 3 (inferior) in 69 percent and 24 percent of the cases, respectively. There was a considerable variation in the location of the nerves in relation to the superior and inferior aspects of the artery. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time ultrasound inspection of the neurovascular structures of the brachial plexus in the axilla demonstrated that the median, ulnar and radial nerves have different relations with the axillary artery.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La arteria axilar es una referencia anatómica de superficie para el bloqueo del plexo braquial por vía axilar. Estudios anatómicos sugieren variabilidad de las posiciones de las estructuras nerviosas del plexo braquial con relación a la arteria. Esas variaciones pueden dificultar bloqueos por neuro estimulación. El ultrasonido permite la identificación de las estructuras del plexo braquial Õ. Ese estudio buscó describir el posicionamiento de los nervios del plexo braquial con relación a la arteria axilar. MÉTODO: Fueron estudiados 30 voluntarios de los dos sexos, en posición supina con abducción a 90º y rotación externa del hombro y flexión del codo a 90º. Utilizando transductor digital de 5 cm y 5-10 MHz, fueron identificados los nervios mediano, ulnar y radial, y las respectivas posiciones en relación a la arteria fueron marcadas en una carta gráfica seccional de 8 sectores, enumerados en orden creciente a partir de la hora 12 (medial), cuyo centro representaba la arteria axilar. RESULTADOS: El nervio mediano se ubicó predominante en el sector 8 (55 por ciento) y en el sector 1 (28 por ciento) (mediales); el nervio radial se ubicó predominantemente en los sectores 4 (59 por ciento) y 5 (34 por ciento) (laterales) y el nervio ulnar en los sectores 2 y 3 (inferiores) en un 69 por ciento y un 24 por ciento de los casos, respectivamente. Hubo una considerable variación de la localización de los nervios con relación a los aspectos superior e inferior de la arteria. CONCLUSIÓN: La inspección en tiempo real, por ultrasonido, de las estructuras neuro vasculares del plexo braquial en la axila mostró que los nervios mediano, ulnar y radial pueden presentar diferentes relaciones con la arteria axilar.

[Ultrasound images of the brachial plexus in the axillary region.]. / Imagens ultra-sonográficas do plexo braquial na região axilar.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The axillary artery is the anatomical reference, in the surface, for axillary brachial plexus block. Anatomic studies suggest variability in the location of the structures in the brachial plexus in relation to the axillary artery. These variations can hinder blocks by neurostimulation. The ultrasound allows the identification of the structures within the brachial plexus(1). The objective of this report was to describe the position of the nerves in the brachial plexus in relation to the axillary artery. METHODS: Thirty volunteers of both genders were studied. They were in the supine position with 90 degrees abduction and external rotation of the shoulder and 90 masculine flexion of the elbow. Using a 5 cm and 5-10 MHz digital transducer, median, ulnar and radial nerves were identified and their position in relation to the artery were recorded in an 8-sector sectional graphic chart, numbered in crescent order starting at the 12-hour position (medial), whose center represented the axillary artery. RESULTS: The median nerve was located mainly in sectors 8 (55%) and 1 (28%) (medial); the radial nerve was predominantly in sectors 4 (59%) and 5 (34%) (lateral); and the ulnar nerve in sectors 2 and 3 (inferior) in 69% and 24% of the cases, respectively. There was a considerable variation in the location of the nerves in relation to the superior and inferior aspects of the artery. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time ultrasound inspection of the neurovascular structures of the brachial plexus in the axilla demonstrated that the median, ulnar and radial nerves have different relations with the axillary artery.